Se relaciona el estrés con la pérdida del embarazo

El estrés intenso durante el embarazo se ha relacionado con la muerte fetal intraútero. Investigadores daneses han estudiado 19.000 mujeres durante los últimos 3 meses de la gestación y encuentran que la tercera parte sufre intenso estrés.

En el grupo de gestantes altamente estresadas, 29 sufrieron el nacimiento de su hijo muerto después de las 28 semanas (0,5%). En el grupo que sufrió estres medio o bajo las pérdidas fetales sueron 0,3%. Aunque las diferencias son pequeñas, los datos son estadísticamente significativos. El Dr Kirsten Wisborg, del Hospital Universitario de Aarhus, no sabe si la causa de la muerte fue el estrés, pero son suficientemente relevantes para que se tenga en cuenta en la consulta obstétrica y se busquen soluciones.

Estudios en monos indican que las hormonas del estrés pueden reducir el flujo sanguíneo de la placenta y de esa forma reducir la cantidad de oxígeno que llega al feto. El estudio danes solo tuvo en cuenta el aumento de estrés reciente, pero no el estrés crónico que podría ser mucho más grave para el feto.

BJOG. 2008 Jun;115(7):882-5.Psychological stress during pregnancy and stillbirth: prospective study.

Wisborg K, Barklin A, Hedegaard M, Henriksen TB.Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between psychological stress during pregnancy and stillbirth. DESIGN: Prospective follow-up study. SETTING: Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark,1989-98. POPULATION: A total of 19 282 singleton pregnancies in women with valid information about psychological stress during pregnancy. METHODS: Information about psychological stress during pregnancy was obtained from questionnaires and measured by the 12-item General Health Questionnaires (GHQ). A score was generated by the sum of all the answers, each contributing a value between 0 (low psychological stress) and 3 (high psychological stress). Women with an intermediate level of psychological stress (scores of 7-11) were considered the reference group. Scores of 0-6 were defined as a low level of psychological stress and scores of 12-36 as the highest level. The association between psychological stress and stillbirth was presented as relative risks with 95% CIs. Adjustment for potential confounding factors was carried out by logistic regression analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Stillbirth (delivery of a dead fetus at >28 weeks of gestation). RESULTS: There were 66 stillbirths (3.4 per thousand) in the population studied. Compared with women with an intermediate level of psychological stress during pregnancy, women with a high level of stress had 80% increased risk of stillbirth (relative risk = 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-3.2). Adjustment for maternal age, parity, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol and caffeine intake during pregnancy, education and cohabitation failed to change the result. The results remained essentially unchanged after exclusion of preterm deliveries. Exclusion of women with complications during pregnancy such as diabetes, hypertension, vaginal bleeding, immunisation and imminent preterm delivery failed to change the results. Likewise, restriction to women's first pregnancy in the cohort did not change the results. CONCLUSION: Psychological stress during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of stillbirth.

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